Generic Synthroid

1. Denomination

Levothroid, Synthroid

2. Active Substance

Levothyroxine

3. Indications for Use.

Primary and secondary thyroid insufficiency (hypothyroidism), integrated treatment of Graves  disease (disease defined by diffuse increase of thyroid gland and enhancement of its function), euthyroid hyperplasia (pathologic increase) of thyroid gland, prevention of returns (second development) after surgery of nodular neoformations and malign ones, cretinism (congenital thyroid insufficiency, defined by acute fall of mental development and that of physical). 1 mg dose is used for carrying out a differential-diagnostic test of thyroidal suppression (depression of function of thyroid).

4. Action

Levothyroxine is a synthetic hormone of thyroid gland. Lecothyroxine is a remedy which supplies hormones deficit of thyroid gland.

5. Posology and Administration

Doses of the drug are to be selected individually in compliance with indications. The treatment is started from small doses 12,5-25 mkg a day. An average daily dose is 25-200 mkg. A repetition factor of intake is once daily 20-30 minutes before meal. A supporting dose is 25-200 mkg daily. Children who suffer from congenital thyroid insufficiency are administered daily – up to 6 months of age -  25-50 mkg, up to 12 months of age – up to 60 mkg, 1-5 years of age – up to 100 mkg, 6-12 years of age up to 150 mkg, older than 12 years of age – up to 200 mkg. In the period of Levothyroxine therapy constant medical control is needed. Levothyroxine enhances the action of antidepressants and anticoagulants.

6. Counterindications

Absolute counterindications for the use of Levothyroxine for differential-diagnostic test is acute myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis (myocard inflammation), untreated Addison disease, bad rhythm disturbance of the heart, severe hyperthyroidism (the disease defined with superactivity of thyroid gland).

7. Should Be Taken with Precautions, if…

Relative contradictions are bad forms of ischemic heart disease, general atherosclerosis, evidenced arterial hypotension (high arterial tension), circulatory insufficiency.

8. Interface with Other Medications

Levothyroxine is not recommended to be taken with other medications without a doctor’s order. Otherwise there may be a series of unexpected side effects.

9. Overdosing

When overdosing occurs there will be heart consciousness, hyperirritability, diarrhea, pains in the stomach, increase of perspiration, tachycardia, arrhythmias, stenocardia, heart failure, tremor, headache, insomnia, heat intolerance, fever; decrease of the body mass. When such events occur it is well to withdraw Levothyroxine therapy temporarily.

10. Side Effects

When overdosing occurs there will be signs of hyperthyroidism (superactivity of thyroid gland), aggravation of the course of ischemic heart disease, diabetes, Addison disease (insufficient adrenal function), seldom – heart rhythm disturbance, flux, vomiting, and insomnia. In the first 2-3 days after intake of a diagnostic dose (3 mg) perspiration, heartbeat and weakness are possible.

11. Pregnancy and Lactation

The drug is counter indicated for the use during pregnancy and lactation.

12. Driving

In the period of treatment it is recommended to refrain from potentially hazardous activities, which require alertness and elevated velocity of psychomotor actions.

FOODS FOR NORMAL NUTRITION: NUTRIENTS
Components of foods that are needed by the body in adequate amount in order to grow, reproduce and lead a normal healthy life are divided into six main classes:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water.
Each nutrient has its own function to perform, but the different nutrients that perform the same function, must act in unison for effective action. The functions are as follows:
1. Carbohydrates: The chief function is to provide energy.
2. Proteins: The chief function is building of new tissues, maintenance and repair of already built tissues. They are precursors of regulatory and protective substances such as enzymes, hormones and antibodies. About 10-12% of the total energy is supplied by proteins in the diet; energy supply is therefore a secondary function of proteins.
3. Fats: They are the concentrated source of energy and carriers of fat soluble vitamins.
4. Minerals: Their functions include body building and regulation.
5. Vitamins: They are protective, needed for growth and for regulation of body processes.
6. Water: It is a carrier of nutrients and a regulator of a number of body functions.
All individuals need the same nutrients for the same body functions, the only variation is in the amount of each nutrient required according to one's age, sex, size and activity. A diet that includes all these above nutrients in adequate and appropriate amount is called a Balanced Diet.
In other words, food requirements of a daily diet can be classified as given below.
1. Energy yielding foods
(a) Cereals: Rice, wheat, maize, jowar, etc.
(b) Starchy vegetables: Potato, sweet potato, colocasia, yam, etc.
(c) Fats and oils: Butter, ghee, vegetable oil, etc.
(d) Sugar, sugarcane, jaggery.
2. Body building foods
(a) Milk and milk products: Curd, cheese, buttermilk
(b) Pulses, grams, beans, groundnuts, soya
(c) Meat and meat products: Eggs, mutton, chicken, fish, etc.
3. Protective foods
(a) Green leafy vegetables and other vegetables
(b) Fruits.
If sufficient food from each of the food groups is included in the diet, the nutrient needs to the body will be met.
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GENERAL HEALTH

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